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4
1493-1517

  • His reason was deficient, his cupidity excessive: when he saw the allowance reduced he became violent and refractory.
  • عقل او کم بود و حرص او فزون ** چون جرا کم دید شد تند و حرون

  • Had there been reason (in him), he would have made a circuit round himself, in order that he might see his offence and become forgiven.
  • عقل بودی گرد خود کردی طواف ** تا بدیدی جرم خود گشتی معاف

  • When, on account of asininity, a tethered ass becomes violent, both his (fore-)legs will be shackled in addition. 1495
  • چون خری پابسته تندد از خری ** هر دو پایش بسته گردد بر سری

  • Then the ass will say, “One tether is enough for me”; (but) in sooth do not think (that such is the case), for those two are (result) from the action of that vile creature.
  • پس بگوید خر که یک بندم بست ** خود مدان کان دو ز فعل آن خسست

  • In exposition of the following Hadíth of Mustafá (Mohammed), on whom be peace: "Verily, the most High God created the angels and set reason in them, and He created the beasts and set lust in them, and He created the sons of Adam and set in them reason and lust; and he whose reason prevails over his lust is higher than the angels, and he whose lust prevails over his reason is lower than the beasts."
  • در تفسیر این حدیث مصطفی علیه‌السلام کی ان الله تعالی خلق الملائکة و رکب فیهم العقل و خلق البهائم و رکب فیها الشهوة و خلق بنی آدم و رکب فیهم العقل و الشهوة فمن غلب عقله شهوته فهو اعلی من الملائکة و من غلب شهوته عقله فهو ادنی من البهائم

  • It is related in the Hadíth that the majestical God created the creatures of the world (in) three kinds.
  • در حدیث آمد که یزدان مجید ** خلق عالم را سه گونه آفرید

  • One class (He made) entirely reason and knowledge and munificence; that is the angel: he knoweth naught but prostration in worship.
  • یک گره را جمله عقل و علم و جود ** آن فرشته‌ست او نداند جز سجود

  • In his original nature is no concupiscence and sensuality: he is absolute light, (he is) living through (his) love of God.
  • نیست اندر عنصرش حرص و هوا ** نور مطلق زنده از عشق خدا

  • Another class is devoid of knowledge, like the animal (which lives) in fatness from (eating) fodder. 1500
  • یک گروه دیگر از دانش تهی ** هم‌چو حیوان از علف در فربهی

  • It sees nothing but stable and fodder: it is heedless of (future) misery and glory (felicity).
  • او نبیند جز که اصطبل و علف ** از شقاوت غافلست و از شرف

  • The third (class) is Adam's descendant and Man: half of him is of the angel and half of him is ass.
  • این سوم هست آدمی‌زاد و بشر ** نیم او ز افرشته و نیمیش خر

  • The ass-half, indeed, inclines to that which is low; the other half inclines to that which is rational.
  • نیم خر خود مایل سفلی بود ** نیم دیگر مایل عقلی بود

  • Those two classes (the angels and the beasts) are at rest from war and combat, while this Man is (engaged) in torment (painful struggle) with two adversaries.
  • آن دو قوم آسوده از جنگ و حراب ** وین بشر با دو مخالف در عذاب

  • And, moreover, this (race of) Man, through probation, has been divided: they (all) are of human shape, but (in truth) they have become three communities (families). 1505
  • وین بشر هم ز امتحان قسمت شدند ** آدمی شکلند و سه امت شدند

  • One party have become submerged absolutely and, like Jesus, have attained unto the (nature of the) angel.
  • یک گره مستغرق مطلق شدست ** هم‌چو عیسی با ملک ملحق شدست

  • The form (of such a one is that of) Adam, but the reality is Gabriel: he has been delivered from anger and sensual passion and (vain) disputation.
  • نقش آدم لیک معنی جبرئیل ** رسته از خشم و هوا و قال و قیل

  • He has been delivered from discipline and asceticism and self-mortification: you would say he was not even born of a child of Adam.
  • از ریاضت رسته وز زهد و جهاد ** گوییا از آدمی او خود نزاد

  • The second sort have attained unto (the nature of) asses: they have become pure anger and absolute lust.
  • قسم دیگر با خران ملحق شدند ** خشم محض و شهوت مطلق شدند

  • The qualities of Gabriel were in them and departed: that house was (too) narrow, and those qualities (too) grand. 1510
  • وصف جبریلی دریشان بود رفت ** تنگ بود آن خانه و آن وصف زفت

  • The person who is deprived of (the vital) spirit becomes dead: when his spirit is deprived of those (angelic qualities), he becomes an ass,
  • مرده گردد شخص کو بی‌جان شود ** خر شود چون جان او بی‌آن شود

  • Because the spirit that hath not those (qualities) is vile: this word is true, and the (perfect) Súfí has said (it).
  • زانک جانی کان ندارد هست پست ** این سخن حقست و صوفی گفته است

  • He (the man of animal nature) suffers more anxiety than the beasts, (for) he practises subtle arts in the world.
  • او ز حیوانها فزون‌تر جان کند ** در جهان باریک کاریها کند

  • The cunning and imposture which he knows how to spin— that (cunning) is not produced by any other animal.
  • مکر و تلبیسی که او داند تنید ** آن ز حیوان دیگر ناید پدید

  • To weave gold-embroidered robes, to win pearls from the bottom of the sea, 1515
  • جامه‌های زرکشی را بافتن ** درها از قعر دریا یافتن

  • The fine artifices of geometry or astronomy, and the science of medicine and philosophy—
  • خرده‌کاریهای علم هندسه ** یا نجوم و علم طب و فلسفه

  • Which are connected only with this world and have no way (of mounting) up to the Seventh Heaven—
  • که تعلق با همین دنیاستش ** ره به هفتم آسمان بر نیستش