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4
1497-1546

  • It is related in the Hadíth that the majestical God created the creatures of the world (in) three kinds.
  • در حدیث آمد که یزدان مجید ** خلق عالم را سه گونه آفرید

  • One class (He made) entirely reason and knowledge and munificence; that is the angel: he knoweth naught but prostration in worship.
  • یک گره را جمله عقل و علم و جود ** آن فرشته‌ست او نداند جز سجود

  • In his original nature is no concupiscence and sensuality: he is absolute light, (he is) living through (his) love of God.
  • نیست اندر عنصرش حرص و هوا ** نور مطلق زنده از عشق خدا

  • Another class is devoid of knowledge, like the animal (which lives) in fatness from (eating) fodder. 1500
  • یک گروه دیگر از دانش تهی ** هم‌چو حیوان از علف در فربهی

  • It sees nothing but stable and fodder: it is heedless of (future) misery and glory (felicity).
  • او نبیند جز که اصطبل و علف ** از شقاوت غافلست و از شرف

  • The third (class) is Adam's descendant and Man: half of him is of the angel and half of him is ass.
  • این سوم هست آدمی‌زاد و بشر ** نیم او ز افرشته و نیمیش خر

  • The ass-half, indeed, inclines to that which is low; the other half inclines to that which is rational.
  • نیم خر خود مایل سفلی بود ** نیم دیگر مایل عقلی بود

  • Those two classes (the angels and the beasts) are at rest from war and combat, while this Man is (engaged) in torment (painful struggle) with two adversaries.
  • آن دو قوم آسوده از جنگ و حراب ** وین بشر با دو مخالف در عذاب

  • And, moreover, this (race of) Man, through probation, has been divided: they (all) are of human shape, but (in truth) they have become three communities (families). 1505
  • وین بشر هم ز امتحان قسمت شدند ** آدمی شکلند و سه امت شدند

  • One party have become submerged absolutely and, like Jesus, have attained unto the (nature of the) angel.
  • یک گره مستغرق مطلق شدست ** هم‌چو عیسی با ملک ملحق شدست

  • The form (of such a one is that of) Adam, but the reality is Gabriel: he has been delivered from anger and sensual passion and (vain) disputation.
  • نقش آدم لیک معنی جبرئیل ** رسته از خشم و هوا و قال و قیل

  • He has been delivered from discipline and asceticism and self-mortification: you would say he was not even born of a child of Adam.
  • از ریاضت رسته وز زهد و جهاد ** گوییا از آدمی او خود نزاد

  • The second sort have attained unto (the nature of) asses: they have become pure anger and absolute lust.
  • قسم دیگر با خران ملحق شدند ** خشم محض و شهوت مطلق شدند

  • The qualities of Gabriel were in them and departed: that house was (too) narrow, and those qualities (too) grand. 1510
  • وصف جبریلی دریشان بود رفت ** تنگ بود آن خانه و آن وصف زفت

  • The person who is deprived of (the vital) spirit becomes dead: when his spirit is deprived of those (angelic qualities), he becomes an ass,
  • مرده گردد شخص کو بی‌جان شود ** خر شود چون جان او بی‌آن شود

  • Because the spirit that hath not those (qualities) is vile: this word is true, and the (perfect) Súfí has said (it).
  • زانک جانی کان ندارد هست پست ** این سخن حقست و صوفی گفته است

  • He (the man of animal nature) suffers more anxiety than the beasts, (for) he practises subtle arts in the world.
  • او ز حیوانها فزون‌تر جان کند ** در جهان باریک کاریها کند

  • The cunning and imposture which he knows how to spin— that (cunning) is not produced by any other animal.
  • مکر و تلبیسی که او داند تنید ** آن ز حیوان دیگر ناید پدید

  • To weave gold-embroidered robes, to win pearls from the bottom of the sea, 1515
  • جامه‌های زرکشی را بافتن ** درها از قعر دریا یافتن

  • The fine artifices of geometry or astronomy, and the science of medicine and philosophy—
  • خرده‌کاریهای علم هندسه ** یا نجوم و علم طب و فلسفه

  • Which are connected only with this world and have no way (of mounting) up to the Seventh Heaven—
  • که تعلق با همین دنیاستش ** ره به هفتم آسمان بر نیستش

  • All this is the science of building the (worldly) stable which is the pillar (basis) of the existence of (persons like) the ox and the camel.
  • این همه علم بنای آخرست ** که عماد بود گاو و اشترست

  • For the sake of preserving the animal for a few days, these crazy fools have given to those (arts and sciences) the name of “mysteries.”
  • بهر استبقای حیوان چند روز ** نام آن کردند این گیجان رموز

  • The knowledge of the Way to God and the knowledge of His dwelling place—that only the owner of the heart knows, or (you may say) his heart (itself). 1520
  • علم راه حق و علم منزلش ** صاحب دل داند آن را با دلش

  • He (God), then, created in this composite fashion the goodly animal and made him familiar with knowledge.
  • پس درین ترکیب حیوان لطیف ** آفرید و کرد با دانش الیف

  • That (bestial) class (of men) He named “like the cattle,” for where is the resemblance between waking and sleep?
  • نام کالانعام کرد آن قوم را ** زانک نسبت کو بیقظه نوم را

  • The animal spirit hath naught but sleep (ignorance): the (bestial) class of men possess inverted sense-perceptions.
  • روح حیوانی ندارد غیر نوم ** حسهای منعکس دارند قوم

  • (When) waking comes, the animal sleep is no more, and he (the enlightened man) reads the (former) inversion of his senses from the tablet (of his clairvoyant consciousness)—
  • یقظه آمد نوم حیوانی نماند ** انعکاس حس خود از لوح خواند

  • Like the sense-perceptions of one whom sleep has seized: when he awakes, the inverted quality (of his sense-perceptions whilst he was dreaming) becomes apparent. 1525
  • هم‌چو حس آنک خواب او را ربود ** چون شد او بیدار عکسیت نمود

  • Necessarily, he (the bestial man) is the lowest of the low. Take leave of him: I love not them that sink.
  • لاجرم اسفل بود از سافلین ** ترک او کن لا احب الافلین

  • In exposition of the following Verse: "and as for those in whose hearts is a disease, it (each new Súra of the Qur’án) added unto their uncleanness (wicked unbelief)"; and of His Word: "thereby He letteth many be led astray, and thereby He letteth many be guided aright."
  • در تفسیر این آیت کی و اما الذین فی قلوبهم مرض فزادتهم رجسا و قوله یضل به کثیرا و یهدی به کثیرا

  • (The bestial man is the lowest of the low) because he possessed the capacity for transforming himself and striving (to escape) from lowness, but (afterwards) lost it.
  • زانک استعداد تبدیل و نبرد ** بودش از پستی و آن را فوت کرد

  • Again, since the animal does not possess (that) capacity, its excusability (for remaining) in the bestial state is a thing (most) evident.
  • باز حیوان را چو استعداد نیست ** عذر او اندر بهیمی روشنیست

  • When the capacity, which is the guide (to salvation), is gone from him, every nutriment that he eats is the brain of an ass.
  • زو چو استعداد شد کان رهبرست ** هر غذایی کو خورد مغز خرست

  • If he eats anacardium, it becomes (acts upon him as) opium: his apoplexy and dementia are increased. 1530
  • گر بلادر خورد او افیون شود ** سکته و بی‌عقلیش افزون شود

  • There remains another sort (of men: they are engaged) in warfare: (they are) half animal, half (spiritually) alive and endowed with good guidance.
  • ماند یک قسم دگر اندر جهاد ** نیم حیوان نیم حی با رشاد

  • Day and night in strife and mutual struggle, his (such a one's) last (state) battles with his first.
  • روز و شب در جنگ و اندر کش‌مکش ** کرده چالیش آخرش با اولش

  • The battle of the reason against the flesh is like the contention of Majnún with his she camel: Majnún's inclination is towards the noble woman (Laylá), while the she camel's inclination is (to go) back towards her foal, as Majnún said (in verse): "My she-camel's love is behind me, while my love is in front of me; and verily I and she are discordant."
  • چالیش عقل با نفس هم چون تنازع مجنون با ناقه میل مجنون سوی حره میل ناقه واپس سوی کره چنانک گفت مجنون هوا ناقتی خلفی و قدامی الهوی و انی و ایاها لمختلفان

  • Assuredly they (the reason and the flesh) are like Majnún and his she-camel: that one is pulling forward and this one backward in (mutual) enmity.
  • هم‌چو مجنون‌اند و چون ناقه‌ش یقین ** می‌کشد آن پیش و این واپس به کین

  • Majnún's desire is speeding to the presence of that (beloved) Laylá; the she camel's desire is running back after her foal.
  • میل مجنون پیش آن لیلی روان ** میل ناقه پس پی کره دوان

  • If Majnún forgot himself for one moment, the she-camel would turn and go back. 1535
  • یک دم ار مجنون ز خود غافل بدی ** ناقه گردیدی و واپس آمدی

  • Since his body was full of love and passion, he had no resource but to become beside himself.
  • عشق و سودا چونک پر بودش بدن ** می‌نبودش چاره از بی‌خود شدن

  • That which is regardful was (ever) reason: passion for Laylá carried (his) reason away.
  • آنک او باشد مراقب عقل بود ** عقل را سودای لیلی در ربود

  • But the she-camel was very regardful and alert: whenever she saw her toggle slack
  • لیک ناقه بس مراقب بود و چست ** چون بدیدی او مهار خویش سست

  • She would at once perceive that he had become heedless and dazed, and would turn her face back to the foal without delay.
  • فهم کردی زو که غافل گشت و دنگ ** رو سپس کردی به کره بی‌درنگ

  • When he came to himself again, he would see on the spot that she had gone back many leagues. 1540
  • چون به خود باز آمدی دیدی ز جا ** کو سپس رفتست بس فرسنگها

  • In these conditions Majnún remained going to and fro for years on a three days' journey.
  • در سه روزه ره بدین احوالها ** ماند مجنون در تردد سالها

  • He said, “O camel, since we both are lovers, therefore we two contraries are unsuitable fellow-travellers.
  • گفت ای ناقه چو هر دو عاشقیم ** ما دو ضد پس همره نالایقیم

  • Thy affection and toggle (propensity) are not in accord with me: it behoves (me) to choose parting from thy companionship.”
  • نیستت بر وفق من مهر و مهار ** کرد باید از تو صحبت اختیار

  • These two fellow-travellers (the reason and the flesh) are brigands waylaying each other: lost is the spirit that does not dismount from the body.
  • این دو همره یکدگر را راه‌زن ** گمره آن جان کو فرو ناید ز تن

  • The spirit, because of separation from the highest Heaven, is in a (great) want; the body, on account of passion for the thorn-shrub (of sensual pleasure), is like a she-camel. 1545
  • جان ز هجر عرش اندر فاقه‌ای ** تن ز عشق خاربن چون ناقه‌ای

  • The spirit unfolds its wings (to fly) upwards; the body has stuck its claws in the earth.
  • جان گشاید سوی بالا بالها ** در زده تن در زمین چنگالها