گفت دزدی شحنه را کای پادشاه ** آنچ کردم بود آن حکم اله
A thief said to the magistrate, ‘O (my) king, that which I have done was decreed by God.’
گفت شحنه آنچ من هم می‌کنم ** حکم حقست ای دو چشم روشنم
The magistrate replied, ‘That which I am doing is also decreed by God, O light of my eyes.’
از دکانی گر کسی تربی برد ** کین ز حکم ایزدست ای با خرد 3060
If any one take a radish from a (greengrocer's) shop, saying, ‘This is decreed by God, O man of understanding,’
بر سرش کوبی دو سه مشت ای کره ** حکم حقست این که اینجا باز نه
You (the greengrocer) will give him two or three blows on the head with your fist, (as though to say), ‘O detestable man, this (beating) is God's decree that you put it (the radish) back here.’
در یکی تره چو این عذر ای فضول ** می‌نیاید پیش بقالی قبول
Since this excuse, O trifler, is not accepted (even) by a greengrocer in the case of (stealing) a single vegetable,
چون بدین عذر اعتمادی می‌کنی ** بر حوالی اژدهایی می‌تنی
How are you placing (such) a reliance on this excuse and frequenting the neighbourhood of (such) a dragon?
از چنین عذر ای سلیم نانبیل ** خون و مال و زن همه کردی سبیل
By (making) an excuse like this, O ignoble simpleton, you sacrifice all—your life, your property, and your wife;
هر کسی پس سبلت تو بر کند ** عذر آرد خویش را مضطر کند 3065
(For) afterwards every one will pluck your moustache and offer (the same) excuse and make himself out to be acting under compulsion.
حکم حق گر عذر می‌شاید ترا ** پس بیاموز و بده فتوی مرا
If ‘the decree of God’ seems to you a proper excuse, then instruct me and give me a canonical decision (on the point);
که مرا صد آرزو و شهوتست ** دست من بسته ز بیم و هیبتست
For I have a hundred desires and lusts, (but) my hand is tied by fear and awe (of God).
پس کرم کن عذر را تعلیم ده ** برگشا از دست و پای من گره
Do me a favour, then: teach me the excuse, untie the knots from my hands and feet!
اختیاری کرده‌ای تو پیشه‌ای ** که اختیاری دارم و اندیشه‌ای
You have chosen a handicraft, (thereby) saying (virtually), ‘I have a (certain) choice and a (certain) thought.’
ورنه چون بگزیده‌ای آن پیشه را ** از میان پیشه‌ها ای کدخدا 3070
Otherwise, how have you chosen that (particular) handicraft out of all the rest, O master of the house?
چونک آید نوبت نفس و هوا ** بیست مرده اختیار آید ترا
When the hour comes for the flesh and the passions (to be indulged), there comes to you as great a power of choice as is possessed by twenty men;
چون برد یک حبه از تو یار سود ** اختیار جنگ در جانت گشود
When your friend deprives you of a farthing of profit, the power to pick a quarrel (with him) is (at once) developed in your soul;
چون بیاید نوبت شکر نعم ** اختیارت نیست وز سنگی تو کم
(But) when the hour comes for thanksgiving on account of (God's) benefactions, you have no power of choice and are inferior to a stone.
دوزخت را عذر این باشد یقین ** که اندرین سوزش مرا معذور بین
Assuredly this will be the excuse of your Hell, (namely), ‘Consider me excused for this burning!’
Since no one holds you excusable on this plea, and (since) this (plea) does not keep you out of the hands of the executioner,
پس بدین داور جهان منظوم شد ** حال آن عالم همت معلوم شد
(Clearly), then, the (present) world is arranged according to this rule, and the state of things in yonder world too is made known to you.
حکایت هم در جواب جبری و اثبات اختیار و صحت امر و نهی و بیان آنک عذر جبری در هیچ ملتی و در هیچ دینی مقبول نیست و موجب خلاص نیست از سزای آن کار کی کرده است چنانک خلاص نیافت ابلیس جبری بدان کی گفت بما اغویتنی والقلیل یدل علی الکثیر
Another Story in answer to the Necessitarian, confirming (Man's) power of choice and the validity of the (Divine) commands and prohibitions, and showing that the Necessitarian's excuse is not accepted in any religious sect or in any religion and that it does not save him from being duly punished for the (sinful) actions which he has committed, just as the Necessitarian Iblís was not saved (from punishment) by saying (to God), ‘Because Thou hast made me to err.’ And the little indicates the much.
آن یکی می‌رفت بالای درخت ** می‌فشاند آن میوه را دزدانه سخت
A certain man was climbing up a tree and vigorously scattering the fruit in the manner of thieves.
صاحب باغ آمد و گفت ای دنی ** از خدا شرمیت کو چه می‌کنی
The owner of the orchard came along and said (to him), ‘O rascal, where is your reverence for God? What are you doing?’
گفت از باغ خدا بنده‌ی خدا ** گر خورد خرما که حق کردش عطا
He replied, ‘If a servant of God eat from God's orchard the dates which God has bestowed upon him as a gift,
عامیانه چه ملامت می‌کنی ** بخل بر خوان خداوند غنی 3080
Why do you vulgarly blame (him)? Stinginess at the table of the all-Rich Lord!’
گفت ای ایبک بیاور آن رسن ** تا بگویم من جواب بوالحسن
‘O Aybak,’ said he, ‘fetch that rope, that I may give my answer to Bu ’l-Hasan (to this fine fellow).’
پس ببستش سخت آن دم بر درخت ** می‌زد او بر پشت و ساقش چوب سخت
Then at once he bound him tightly to the tree and thrashed him hard on the back and legs with a cudgel.
گفت آخر از خدا شرمی بدار ** می‌کشی این بی‌گنه را زار زار
He (the thief) cried, ‘Pray, have some reverence for God! Thou art killing me miserably who am innocent.’
گفت از چوب خدا این بنده‌اش ** می‌زند بر پشت دیگر بنده خوش
He answered, ‘With God's cudgel this servant of His is soundly beating the back of another servant.
چوب حق و پشت و پهلو آن او ** من غلام و آلت فرمان او 3085
’Tis God's cudgel, and the back and sides belong to Him: I am (only) the slave and instrument of His command.’
گفت توبه کردم از جبر ای عیار ** اختیارست اختیارست اختیار
He (the thief) said, ‘O cunning knave, I make a recantation of Necessitarianism: there is free-will, there is free-will, (there is) free-will!’
اختیارات اختیارش هست کرد ** اختیارش چون سواری زیر گرد
His (God's universal) power of choice brought (our individual) powers of choice into existence: His power of choice is like a rider (hidden) beneath the dust (which he raises).
اختیارش اختیار ما کند ** امر شد بر اختیاری مستند
His (God's) power of choice makes our power of choice; His command is based on (is exercised in virtue of) a power of choice (in us).
حاکمی بر صورت بی‌اختیار ** هست هر مخلوق را در اقتدار
Every created being has it in his power to exercise authority over the form (that is) without free-will,
تا کشد بی‌اختیاری صید را ** تا برد بگرفته گوش او زید را 3090
So that he (who is in possession of that power) drags (whither he pleases) the (lifeless) prey devoid of will, (or) so that having seized Zayd by the ear, he leads him away.
لیک بی هیچ آلتی صنع صمد ** اختیارش را کمند او کند
But (it is) the action of the Lord (that), without (using) any instrument, makes his free-will a noose for him (to catch Zayd).
اختیارش زید را قدیش کند ** بی‌سگ و بی‌دام حق صیدش کند
His (God's) free-will makes him a fetter for Zayd: God makes him (Zayd's captor) His prey without (the help of) dog or snare.
آن دروگر حاکم چوبی بود ** وآن مصور حاکم خوبی بود
The carpenter has authority over a piece of wood, and the artist has authority over (the portrait of) a beauty;
هست آهنگر بر آهن قیمی ** هست بنا هم بر آلت حاکمی
The ironsmith is a superintendent of iron; the builder also is a ruler over his tools.
نادر این باشد که چندین اختیار ** ساجد اندر اختیارش بنده‌وار 3095
This (matter) is extraordinary; for all this (human) free-will is bowing low, like a slave, in (homage to) His (God's) free-will.
قدرت تو بر جمادات از نبرد ** کی جمادی را از آنها نفی کرد
When did the power forcibly exercised by you over inanimate objects deprive them of (their) inanimateness?
قدرتش بر اختیارات آنچنان ** نفی نکند اختیاری را از آن
Similarly, His (God's) power over (our) acts of free-will does not deprive any act of free-will of that (quality).
خواستش می‌گوی بر وجه کمال ** که نباشد نسبت جبر و ضلال
Declare that His (God's) will is (exercised) in a complete manner, (but) without there being (involved in it) the attribution (to Him) of compulsion (jabr) and (responsibility for) error (disobedience to His commands).
چونک گفتی کفر من خواست ویست ** خواست خود را نیز هم می‌دان که هست
Since you have said, ‘My unbelief is willed by Him,’ know that it is also willed by yourself;
زانک بی‌خواه تو خود کفر تو نیست ** کفر بی‌خواهش تناقض گفتنیست 3100
For without your will your unbelief does not exist at all: involuntary unbelief is a self-contradiction.
امر عاجز را قبیحست و ذمیم ** خشم بتر خاصه از رب رحیم
’Tis abominable and blameworthy to lay a command on one incapable (of obeying it); and anger (on account of his disobedience) is worse, especially from the Merciful Lord.
گاو گر یوغی نگیرد می‌زنند ** هیچ گاوی که نپرد شد نژند
An ox is beaten if he refuse the yoke: is an ox (ever) reduced to misery because he will not fly?
گاو چون معذور نبود در فضول ** صاحب گاو از چه معذورست و دول
Since the ox is not excused for frowardness, wherefore is the owner of the ox (to be held) excusable and infirm?
چون نه‌ای رنجور سر را بر مبند ** اختیارت هست بر سبلت مخند
Since you are not ill, don't bandage your head: you have freewill, don't laugh at your moustache.
جهد کن کز جام حق یابی نوی ** بی‌خود و بی‌اختیار آنگه شوی 3105
Endeavour to gain freshness (spiritual grace) from God's cup (of love): then you will become selfless and volitionless.
آنگه آن می را بود کل اختیار ** تو شوی معذور مطلق مست‌وار
Then all volition will belong to that Wine, and you will be absolutely excusable, like a drunken man.
هرچه گویی گفته‌ی می باشد آن ** هر چه روبی رفته‌ی می باشد آن
Whatsoever you beat will (then) be beaten by the Wine; whatsoever you sweep away will (then) be swept away by the Wine.